These precise connections were required for calibrated VNA usage because of their air-interface design, but they were not without their own set of issues. OTHER RELATED ARTICLES: How to Trace Coaxial Cable Two Problems With Coaxial ConnectorsĪ four-slot contact, such as those used in 3.5-mm connections intended for interoperability with SMA connector types, is significantly more robust than a two-slot contact. A half-round feature is not very flexible, and the SMA connector was originally designed to withstand just 500 connections before it failed completely.ĭue to the fact that SMA designs have a lengthy male pin, which allows the center conductors to engage before the outside wires align the connections, it is possible to harm the female contact if the connectors are not properly mated. Slotted connections, on the other hand, are not without their drawbacks.ĭesigns such as the SMA connection with its two-slot female contact are simple and inexpensive to manufacture, but they are prone to breakage and failure. The male/female contact method became the industry standard for connections operating at high frequency.Ī slot-less female design was created for metrology applications, however, it became unusable after the introduction of the 2.4-mm connection with a frequency of 50 GHz. Such considerations would boost the cost of the connections much over the cost of a basic male pin/slotted female contact arrangement. However, as connections got smaller for high-frequency applications, it became more difficult to manufacture butt-type connectors because pin depth tolerances were more essential and the smaller diameters made it more difficult to establish a robust contact. As frequencies rose, these connections were made smaller so that they could continue to operate in a single mode.ĭue to the widespread use of the SMA connection, the non-sexed connector was effectively phased out. The non-sexed method had several advantages, the most important of which was the fact that just one type of connection was necessary. Higher-frequency coaxial connection design, on the other hand, entails more than merely reducing the size of the connector and inventing innovative connector interfaces.Ĭonnectors that are capable of operating at higher millimeter-wave frequencies have been aided not only by advancements in VNA technology but also by the solid mechanical design of shrinking connector components-to the point where coaxial VNA testing at 100 GHz and higher frequencies is becoming almost routine-and are becoming increasingly common.Īs the use of coaxial connections has grown in popularity, two techniques of mating center conductors have been used historically: hermaphroditic contact and male-pin/slotted-female contact. How To Splice Coaxial Cable Easily? WHAT EXACTLY ARE COAXIAL CONNECTORS?Ĭoaxial connections are becoming increasingly high-frequency signals while also becoming smaller in size, thanks in part to the development of test equipment such as vector network analyzers (VNAs) for higher frequency signal use, which is driving the trend. Such criteria are applicable across all industries, whether in communication, medical, industrial, automotive, consumer products, or other high-tech applications, as well as in government. Not only are connections crucial for enabling present and future technologies, but they also need to be able to adapt to changing ecological and economic situations, endure ever-increasing transmission rates, and meet the high standards of performance and dependability that are expected of them. What Are The Different Types Of Coaxial Connectors? The variety of connections available varies from microscopic to big and even heavy connectors – all of which must perform consistently and reliably no matter how demanding the environment. A constant wave resistance (impedance) must be maintained throughout the transmission system at all times. High-frequency connectors are used to connect printed circuit boards, cables, and devices together, allowing for the transmission of extremely high frequencies.
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